Learning Process Research Articles

Rancang Bangun Computer Based Test (CBT) Berbasis Web

Examinations are an evaluation method in the teaching and learning process in schools. Generally, exams in schools are still carried out conventionally using paper and stationery, and exam assessments are carried out directly by the teacher. However. The process of creating exam questions, duplicating questions, evaluating and filling in answers is still manual using paper and stationery, causing various obstacles such as high costs and long correction times. To solve the problem above, the researcher used the Agile system development method with the Extreme Programming model which involves four stages: planning, designing, coding and testing. The research results show the success of the CBT application that was built. The application was tested using the black box testing method. Test results show that the correction process is faster by 0.9 seconds and more accurate. Apart from that, in terms of costs, using this application is also cheaper. This shows that the CBT application has a positive impact in increasing the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness of testing and reducing the costs of administering the exam.

Factors affecting the learning process among intermediate pupils at Austrias Elementary School, MBHTE-Sulu

Factors affecting the learning process among intermediate pupils at Austrias Elementary School, MBHTE-Sulu

Pros and cons of E- learning

This is the most important area where majority of the students get confused and have number of doubts. Therefore, it is advised that the student should discuss the topic with the concerned guidesA learning system based on formalised teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-learning. While teaching can be based in or out of the classrooms, the use of A learning system based on formalised teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-learning. While teaching can be based in or out of the classrooms, the use of computers and the Internet forms the major compon INTRODUCTION: E-learning, short for electronic learning, is the process of learning via electronic devices, typically over the internet. It encompasses various forms of educational activities conducted online, including: Online Courses: These are courses delivered entirely over the internet, often through platforms like Coursera, Udemy, or Khan Academy. They can cover a wide range of subjects and are usually self-paced. Virtual Classrooms: These simulate traditional classrooms but take place online. Students and teachers interact in real-time through video conferencing tools like Zoom or Google Meet. Webinars: These are seminars conducted over the web, usually in the form of presentations, workshops, or lectures. Participants can interact with the presenter through chat or Q&A sessions. Mobile Learning: Learning materials are delivered through mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, allowing learners to access content anytime, anywhere. Gamification: Educational content is presented in the form of games to engage learners and enhance retention.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES BASED ON THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is garnering significant attention and anticipation for its contribution to the teaching and learning process at the Polytechnic of Road Transportation Safety in Indonesia. Consequently, this study offers valuable insights into the perceptions of cadets at a vocational college regarding the significance of the ESP course within the transportation engineering program. Specifically, this paper aims to explore the cadets' perspective on the role of ESP in their future careers. By conducting a qualitative descriptive study, four types of questionnaires were administered to a total of ninety second-year cadets who are pursuing a major in transport engineering. The findings reveal that the cadets/students recognize the importance of ESP as a crucial subject that supports their future employment prospects. Moreover, they acknowledge the appropriate allocation of time to ESP within their curriculum, recognizing its necessity for their academic success and eventual career advancement. Understanding the importance of ESP is crucial for cadets aspiring to work in the industry. Cadets must have a strong motivation to learn and familiarize themselves with core engineering concepts in order to establish themselves as competitive engineers on a global scale.

Teaching and Learning English Literature Through Multimedia

Reading and understanding English literature can be quite challenging for students if English is not their native language. Thus, somehow students do not feel motivated in reading literature because of the high language proficiency the texts require and the length of the teaching materials. The conventional “Chalk and Talk” teaching method is not enough to convey the complexity of English literature effectively. The use of multimedia might be a precious medium in the teaching of literature and to increase students’ motivation to read literary texts. Research indicates that multimedia helps students to understand literature, to focus on the target language but also on its culture, new terminologies, new phraseology and their proper usage. The use of multimedia has many advantages as it is a great facilitator in transmitting knowledge. However, there are many questions about the use of digital tools, some think that they interfere with the teaching process and the student’s concentration, whereas others think that digital media can be effectively integrated into the teaching and learning process. In this paper, we will focus on how the multimedia content helps to vary and enhance the learning process and to lead to a better understanding and memorising. Multimedia elements help learners to be more engaged and active at learning. It makes studying literature more exciting because some students are visual learners and use visual senses in the process of learning. I used tests, observation and questionaries to analyse my research questions.    Received: 10 February 2024 / Accepted: 11 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Pros and Cons from the Perspective of Moroccan EFL Instructors

The fast advancement of technology has profoundly impacted how we live, work, and even learn. In the education sector, technology plays a significant role as it has transformed the traditional methods of teaching and learning processes. Computer-assisted language learning and teaching is a concrete example of how technological development has revolutionised the field of education. Computers are incredibly powerful teaching instruments that can support many learning objectives. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate Moroccan high school teachers' perceptions about the potential pros and cons of computer technology in learning English as a foreign language (EFL). To attain the study's objective, the researchers employed a self-developed online questionnaire involving 112 participants. The research results indicate that EFL instructors in Fes-Meknes, Morocco, have positive perceptions regarding implementing CALL in their classrooms. The results suggest that the programs can motivate the learners, enhance their confidence, motivate them, and allow access to diversified educational material. Still, constraints related to financing, uneven access to technology, and scarcity of professional training for teachers are hindering the full implementation of CALL. The research recommends improving financial investment in the educational field, guaranteeing impartial access to technology and providing human resources with professional training to ensure the effective integration of CALL.

Online Education Evolution: English Teachers and the Schoology Shift

Integration of technology has penetrated into various fields, including education. With its constant development, technology is always evolving, offering a wide range of applications and sophistication. Accessible to everyone, including teachers, technology raises the question of its acceptance in learning. The goal of this study was to investigate the acceptance of technology in English learning, specifically focusing on the use of Schoology as a platform. Furthermore, it aimed to identify the challenges encountered when integrating it into English learning. The study involved twenty teachers who used Schoology as a supporting medium in the learning process and was conducted through polls and questionnaires. Through this study, the authors aimed to enhance English learning by exploring how technology, specifically Schoology, could be integrated into it. The results provided valuable insights into the acceptance of Schoology among teachers and the challenges faced when integrating it into English learning.

Design of Group Investigation (GI) Learning Model assisted by animation media to social skills in social studies learning

Education is an important capital​ For advance A nation Because prosperity and progress A nation can seen from level his education. Education holds role important in create individual quality. Education requires appropriate innovations​ with progress knowledge knowledge and technology without ignore values humanity. Formulation problem How application of the Group Investigation learning model, How use of animation media on the eyes social studies lessons in class V, How Skills social students in social studies subjects in class V, Why Skills social become interesting use design a form of Group Investigation (GI) learning model assisted by animation media in social studies learning in class V at SDN Atananga. Research objectives, Analyze design a form of Group Investigation (GI) learning model assisted by animation media to social skills in social studies learning in class V of SDN Tananga. Research methods used by researchers​ namely research methods qualitative Study qualitative addressed For understand phenomenon social perspective participants which are the people invited interviewed, observed, asked provide data, opinions, thoughts, perceptions. Animation media research results learning is a medium that contains gathering created image​ like that appearance so that produce movement and equipped with interesting audio as well as contain values learning. With use proper animation, material​ difficult learning​ or abstract can be delivered with way more​ easy understood by students. Animation is also possible present information in a way interactive, possible student participate active in the learning process.

Peran Psikologi dalam Pendidikan Islam

This article discusses the role and application of psychology in Islamic education. The aim is to find out the extent of psychology's role in Islamic education, as well as its application in the Islamic education process. This research uses a literature review approach from several book sources, journal articles and websites. The research results show that psychology plays an active role as a means of bridging educators in knowing the character, attitudes, characteristics and habits of students, so that the learning process in education can run smoothly. All obstacles can be resolved precisely and quickly. Understanding the Islamic religion in a kaffah way is an important aspect that must be considered by all pillars of education, such as: school principals, educators, students, parents and all school residents. With a balance between Islamic religious knowledge, then combined with strengthening psychological knowledge, it will have various positive impacts on Islamic religious education it self.

A SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS' TALK IN ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS CLASS

The aims of this research are to know the types of speech acts performed by English teachers when talking in the classroom and the teacher's reason for using the most specific kind of speech act. This research used a qualitative research design because the classroom activity became the data source. The participant of this research was 1 English teacher in English Club at SDIT Cordova. The data was collected through observation and interviews. The data was analyzed through four steps: classifications, data reduction, data display, and verification/conclusion drawing. According to the findings, the data showed 71% of the talk used directive. Teachers utilize directive types because they are interested in their students' competencies, whether or not their teachings have been comprehended, and whether or not students can recognize examples of the material they have been given. Meanwhile, the opposite result displayed in the data is declarative. Moreover, the finding also showed that the Teacher produced other speech acts such as assertive, commissive, and expressive. The teacher uses speech acts to ensure that the teaching and learning process runs smoothly and the material is well received by the students.

HUBUNGAN HABITS OF MIND DAN RASA PERCAYA DIRI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMAN 1 LAWANG

Mathematics is one of the most important subjects for advancing science and technology. Various ways and efforts are made by teachers to create effective and efficient learning processes. Mathematical learning results are one of the indicators that determine the quality of mathematical education. Habits of Mind is a set of intelligences consisting of attitude intelligence, skill intelligence and knowledge intelligence applied to solving a problem. Self-confidence is a person's belief in himself and his ability to succeed. This research uses a quantitative approach with methods that are consistent with the researchers' objectives, that is, ex post facto. Based on the results, there is a significant relationship between habits of mind and learning outcomes, self-confidence with learning outputs, and a significant link between Habits of Mind and Confidence with Learning Outputs.

Examining the Relationship between Teachers’ Pedagogical Authority and Students’ Creativity in Moroccan Classrooms

Education is a critical tool for making a productive student equipped with the necessary skills that can help him be self-reliant and creative. This requires modern teaching pedagogies that put students at the heart of the learning process. In the Moroccan context, there have been different initiatives to reform the education system. This reform tried to implement modern teaching pedagogies that decrease teachers’ dominance in the classroom. The main purpose of the present study is to find out the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical practices and students’ creativity at the high school level after the pedagogical reform. Twenty students studying at the second-year baccalaureate level were selected from four high schools by using the convenience sampling technique. A mixed-methods approach is adopted in the current study. The participants are given a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to fill out and answer semi-structured interview questions. The findings indicate that there is a relationship between teachers’ teaching practices and students’ creativity.

Flipped Classroom Based on Blum’s Modeling and its Impact on Autonomous Learning Experienced by Mathematics Students from a University in Lima, Peru

Introduction. The flipped classroom method represents an avant-garde approach to the learning process, in which students acquire the fundamental concepts of a subject outside the traditional classroom environment. In this work, Blum's modeling was used, based on discovery learning, where students are initially faced with problems or situations that require a solution, encouraging the search for information and the application of various strategies to solve them. This combination enhances learning autonomy by offering greater opportunities for practice and feedback. Objective. The research aims to determine the impact of the flipped classroom method as a tool to promote autonomous learning. Method. A mixed methodology was used, integrating elements of quasi-experimental and phenomenological design, with an explanatory scope. Results. The study revealed a 65% effectiveness in the development of autonomous learning among students who participated in the flipped classroom implementation. In addition, participants reported an increase in motivation, ability to set goals, identification of challenges and strengths, availability of resources and an environment conducive to learning, as well as selection of effective study strategies and increased reflection on the effects of their learning. In conclusion, the findings support the usefulness of flipped classroom as a valuable tool for fostering autonomous learning in university students.   Received: 3 February 2024 / Accepted: 26 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Evaluating the impact of educational technology on learning outcomes in the higher education sector: a systematic review

This systematic review evaluates the impact of educational technology on learning outcomes in the higher education sector. With the rapid integration of digital tools in educational settings, understanding their effectiveness has become crucial. The paper's objective is to synthesize existing research findings to assess how educational technologies influence learning outcomes. We employed a comprehensive search strategy across multiple databases, including peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings, to collect studies published in the last decade. The inclusion criteria focused on empirical studies that measured the impact of technologies such as learning management systems, online simulations, and digital collaborative tools on student learning outcomes in higher education. Our methodology involved a rigorous screening process, quality assessment, and data extraction, followed by a thematic synthesis of the findings. The review included a total of 47 studies, which were analyzed to identify patterns, themes, and gaps in the current literature. Key findings suggest that educational technology, when effectively integrated into teaching and learning processes, can enhance student engagement, improve knowledge retention, and foster higher-order thinking skills. However, the impact varies significantly depending on the type of technology used, pedagogical approach, and context of implementation. The review also highlights the importance of faculty training and support in maximizing the potential benefits of educational technologies. Educational technology holds promise for improving learning outcomes in higher education, but its success is contingent upon thoughtful implementation, pedagogical alignment, and ongoing support for instructors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term effects of educational technologies on learning outcomes. Keywords:  Educational Technology, Learning Outcomes, Higher Education, Digital Divide, Accessibility, Equity, Blended Learning, Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Mobile Learning, Pedagogical Approaches, Professional Development, Strategic Integration.

An adversarial environment reinforcement learning-driven intrusion detection algorithm for Internet of Things

The increasing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has made them attractive targets for malicious actors. To address the evolving threats and the growing complexity of detection, there is a critical need to search for and develop new algorithms that are fast and robust in detecting and classifying dangerous network traffic. In this context, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is gaining recognition as a prospective solution in numerous fields as it enables autonomous agents to cooperate with their environment for decision-making without relying on human experts. This article presents an innovative approach to intrusion detection in IoT systems using an adversarial reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm known for its exceptional predictive capabilities. The predictive process relies on a classifier, implemented as a streamlined and highly efficient neural network. Embedded within this classifier is a policy function meticulously trained using an innovative RL model. Importantly, this model ensures that the environment’s behavior is dynamically fine-tuned simultaneously with the learning process, improving the overall effectiveness of the intrusion detection approach. The efficiency of our proposal was assessed using the Bot-IoT database, consisting of a mixture of legitimate IoT network traffic and simulated attack scenarios. Our scheme shows superior performance compared to existing ones. Therefore, our approach to IoT intrusion detection can be considered a valuable alternative to existing methods, capable of significantly improving the IoT systems’ security.

The Human Side of Digital Technology: Supporting the Inclusion of Refugees in Higher Education Through Blockchain-backed EQPR

The spectrum of digital technologies that impact Higher Education (HE) is broad. This study explores the potential of Blockchain (BC) technology in the personalized learning path creation and data exchange in the learning processes. The flexibilization of education and digitizing student data through Blockchain may contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable HE system. According to the EU, the Blockchain supports sustainability in four main aspects: cybersecurity, accountability, transparency, and traceability. These aspects are also a driver of social impact and a higher capacity to include disadvantaged groups, such as refugees. Therefore, it is essential to start a debate between scholars and professionals about how the actors in the HE system engage in a collective meaning-making effort to sustain the adoption, diffusion, and use of BC for HE. The paper focuses on the experience of CIMEA DiploMe and EQPR for the recognition of refugees' qualifications. Through a collective consensus-making and awareness-raising effort, the blockchain-backed EQPR could be perceived as a critical tool to foster inclusion within the HEIs and enhance their social outreach.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Stimulasi Pijat bayi dan Esensial Oil Lavender Terhadap Motorik Kasar dan Motorik Halus Pada Bayi Usia 3-12 Bulan di Kota Bengkulu

Background: The growth and development period of infants needs special attention because the process is very fast. There are still toddlers who experience gross motor and fine motor disorders. World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 globally states that around 20-40% of infants aged 0-2 years experience problems with delays in the development process, 5-25% of toddlers who experience gross motor and fine motor disorders. The impact of delays in infant gross motor development causes a decrease in creativity in the adaptation period while the impact of delays in fine motor development causes obstacles in the child's learning process. Efforts that can be made in optimizing the growth and development of fine motor and gross motor in infants in addition to nutrition provided by the mother and one of the other ways needs stimulation. The combination of stimulation of baby massage and lavender essential oil is one of the stimulations to improve gross motor and fine motor in infants aged 3-12 months.  Objective: Proving the effect of a combination of baby massage stimulation and lavender essential oil on improving gross motor and fine motor in infants aged 3-12 months. Methods: Pre-experimental quantitative research design with one group pretest-postest design. Sample 40 infants aged 3-12 months. Analysis used to assess the effect on the improvement of gross motor and fine motor in 2 PMB using t test.  Results: Hypothesis testing in this study using the Wilcoxon test. Obtained a probability value (p value) of (p value) 0.02 or < 0.05, which means that there is a combined effect of baby massage stimulation and lavender essential oil on improving gross motor and fine motor in infants aged 3-12 months. The intervention was given for 4 weeks, twice a week the intervention was given a combination of baby massage and lavender essential oil, then an evaluation was carried out using the Pre-Developmental Screening Questionnaire (KPSP), consisting of 10 assessment items, starting from gross motor, fine motor, socialization and independence assessments. as well as speech and language skills. Conclusion: The combination of baby massage stimulation and lavender essential oil has an effect on improving gross motor and fine motor in infants aged 3-12 months. Suggestion: parents who have babies are expected to routinely provide baby massage stimulation.

Improving Workshop Learning Outcomes With Practical Learning Methods

This study aims to determine the results of the implementation of learning by teachers, to determine student activities obtained when students take part in the learning process, and to determine students' cognitive learning outcomes. One of the workshops learning in SLTP consists of culinary which some students have difficulty in learning. For this reason, it is necessary to choose the right teaching method to facilitate students learning. Practical learning is one of the alternatives that can improve student learning outcomes. The research method carried out by PTK with two research cycles, each cycle consists of 4 (four) stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection, while the data collection technique is giving pre-tests and post-tests consisting of three questions. The results showed that practicum learning can improve the learning outcomes of culinary crafts on the subject of cold and hot drinks in class VIII UPT SMP Negeri 1 Palang. This is evidenced by the initial test before the action was taken, which was an average of 64, cycle I obtained an average score of 71.39, in this case reaching 77.78% and cycle II obtained an average score of 83 in other words reaching 97.22%. So, in the actions of cycle I and cycle II there was an increase of 20.56%. So that PTK is declared successful and complete.

Culture, Cooperation, and Communication: The Co-evolution of Hominin Cognition, Sociality, and Musicality

Abstract Music is a deeply entrenched human phenomenon. In this article, I argue that its evolutionary origins are intrinsically intertwined with the incremental anatomical, cognitive, social, and technological evolution of the hominin lineage. I propose an account of the evolution of Plio-Pleistocene hominins, focusing on traits that would be later implicated in music making. Such traits can be conceived as comprising the musicality mosaic or the multifaceted foundations of musicality. I then articulate and defend an account of protomusical behaviour, drawing theoretical licence from the social brain framework of Robin Dunbar and colleagues, as well as the evolutionary framework for human culture and cooperation developed by Kim Sterelny. The role of gene-culture co-evolution and niche construction is brought to the fore in articulating the evolutionary account. Finally, I defend the view that music subsequently developed via processes of social learning and cumulative culture.

Cross-cultural instructional design: A framework for multilingual and interdisciplinary education

This review paper presents a comprehensive framework for cross-cultural instructional design, aiming to seamlessly integrate multilingual education with interdisciplinary teaching approaches. With globalization fostering diverse classroom demographics, educators face the challenge of creating inclusive learning environments that cater to students from various cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Recognizing the importance of addressing cultural and linguistic diversity in education, this framework explores strategies for curriculum designers to incorporate these elements into lesson plans and learning materials effectively. Drawing upon insights from both the humanities and STEM fields, the review elucidates how educators can harness cultural and linguistic diversity to enrich students' learning experiences. By infusing cross-cultural perspectives into educational content, curriculum designers can foster critical thinking, creativity, and global awareness among learners. The paper emphasizes the inherent benefits of exposing students to diverse cultural viewpoints, thereby promoting a more holistic understanding of the subject matter. Furthermore, the review discusses best practices for creating culturally responsive educational content that resonates with learners from diverse backgrounds. It advocates for the development of instructional materials that not only accommodate linguistic variations but also celebrate cultural nuances. Through the incorporation of authentic cultural artifacts, texts, and examples, educators can cultivate a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity while enhancing students' engagement and learning outcomes. Overall, this review underscores the significance of adopting a cross-cultural instructional design framework in contemporary education. By embracing cultural and linguistic diversity as integral components of the learning process, educators can empower students to navigate an increasingly interconnected world with sensitivity, empathy, and proficiency. This framework serves as a roadmap for educators seeking to create inclusive learning environments that foster cross-cultural understanding and collaboration. Keywords: Cross-Cultural, Instructional Design, Multilingual Education, Interdisciplinary Approaches, Cultural Diversity, Linguistic Diversity.